My Sig P239 .40 has numerous marks like that on the top and lower sides of the barrel.
On the top, they point toward the receiver...and under barrel ones point toward the muzzle.
What area (edges) of my slide can I polish out to keep those from happening??
It's completely normal wear. The barrel is being squeezed by the hole in the slide when it locks up and that gives it a very tight fit and contributes to good accuracy. I think Sig first developed that system, but a lot of other pistols use the same design and they'll also have very similar wear marks.
Yep, it's caused by the slide holding the barrel. You can't really prevent them, and there isn't a reason to, anyway. Definitely don't try polishing the hole in the slide to stop them happening! If you remove material, it could really affect accuracy.