Many modern fighters (F-16s, F-15s, etc) have tailhooks for the arresting cables on the runway, the beautiful and ever-powerful A-10 in your avatar doesn't is because the front landing gear was designed to serve that purpose in an emergency.
Also, some airfields have webbed barricades used to help stop an aircraft if necessary.
However, the F-111 has one because McNamara intended on both the USAF and the USN to use the aircraft (Google Tactical Fighter Experimental (TFX)). The Navy was able to bow out and eventually got the Tomcat.
Yeah, I read all about the F-111 long ago and remember some of the troubles they had adapting it for the navy. It wouldn't have been called the Aardvark if the had kept that nose cone.
And if I'm not mistaken. The F-14 had the same engines for a while.
I worked on A-10''s too, at Davis Monthan. It was like working with Legos compared to the 111.